12V Relay Modules

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12 Volt Relay Module

A 12V relay is an electrical switch that can be activated by 12 volts. The relay is usually used to control devices that do not have their own power source, such as lights, fans, and other appliances. They can also be used to turn on or off an electrical circuit depending on the amount of current passing through the circuit. If you want to turn on your refrigerator or air conditioner by turning a knob or button, this type of switch will allow you to do so without having an electrician come out into your home and install a new circuit breaker box.

AC/DC Appliance Control Examples

A 12V relay allows your microcontroller to safely control high-voltage or high-current loads.

AC Appliance Control

Switch 230V AC lights, fans, lamps, or heaters using the relay’s COM and NO contacts.
Perfect for home automation projects like smart lighting or timed appliance control.

DC Load Control

Control 12V DC motors, LED strips, water pumps, solenoids, and other DC devices.
Great for robotics, automotive work, or solar setups.

Automotive Uses

Control car accessories like horns, auxiliary lights, cooling fans, etc.

Arduino & Raspberry Pi Connection Guide

Arduino to 12V Relay (5V Logic Control)

How to connect:

Relay IN → Arduino digital pin (e.g., D7)
Relay GND → Arduino GND
Relay VCC → 5V logic input (if the module supports it)
Coil power → 12V supply if required
Load wiring → COM/NO/NC terminals depending on desired switching behavior

Raspberry Pi to 12V Relay (3.3V Logic Control)

How to connect:

Relay IN → Raspberry Pi GPIO (e.g., GPIO17)
Relay GND → Pi GND
Relay VCC → Module input voltage (check compatibility with 3.3V logic)
Load wiring remains the same (COM, NO, NC)

Single-Channel vs Multi-Channel Relays

Single-Channel Relays

Control one appliance or device at a time
Compact and simple to use
Ideal for basic projects or one-off controls

2-Channel Relays

Control two devices independently
Good for light + fan setups, or two motors

4-Channel / 8-Channel Relays

Best for larger home automation systems
Can control multiple appliances, pumps, motors, or lights
Saves wiring space and works well with Arduino, ESP32, and Raspberry Pi

Relay Protection Circuits (Flyback Diodes & Noise Suppression)

When switching a relay coil, it behaves like an inductor and can generate a high-voltage spike when turned off. Protection components prevent damage.

Flyback Diode (Across the Coil)

Installed across the relay coil in reverse polarity
Safely absorbs the voltage spike when the coil turns off
Protects microcontrollers, transistors, and driver circuits

Other Protection Options

RC Snubber: Reduces arcing across relay contacts
TVS Diode: Protects against large voltage spikes
Optocouplers: Provide electrical isolation between the microcontroller and high-voltage side
Proper contact rating: Ensures the relay can handle inductive loads like motors or solenoids

Why it matters

Prevents random resets of Arduino/Raspberry Pi
Protects components from electrical noise
Increases relay lifespan and reliability
A typical relay consists of 5 pins.

They are:

2 coil pins
COM
Normally open (NO)
Normally closed (NC)
Apply control signals to the two coil pins. For 12 V relays, the potential of this control signal must be 12 V. The remaining three ie. COM, Normally Open, and Normally Closed, are part of the high current switch. In this case, the COM pin acts as a switch connection. It also acts as a fulcrum for the working surface. The COM pin typically connects to the 12V power supply that supplies components such as light bulbs.
As for the other two pins, the Normally Closed (NC) pin, as its name suggests, is connected to the COM pin by default when no control signal is present on the coil. However, as soon as we apply a valid control signal to the coil, the actuator moves to the normally open (NO) pin. Devices that need to be controlled by a relay are usually connected to the NO pin, but this may vary depending on the application.

Uses of 12V Relay

12V Relay can be used as Automotive Relay
They can be used for both AC and DC systems for protection of Load appliances.
Can be used to control switching of light, motor, fan etc. with any programmable Microcontroller Unit like Arduino, node MCU and so on.

12V relay price in India

Item Name	Price
12V Relay Cube	12
12V 8-Channel Relay board	310
Multifunction Delay Relay Switch Module	474
16 Channel 12V Relay Module Board	593
12 V 1 Channel Relay Board Module	53
SLA 12VDC 4Pin 30A Power Relay	65
4 Channel Relay Wireless Module	731
Single CHANNEL 12V RELAY MODULE 30AMP	162
Four CHANNEL 12V ULN2003 BASED RELAY BOARD MODULE	247
12 V 1 Channel Relay Board	47
12V 4CH Relay Board	209
12V 2CH Relay Board	80
Time Delay Relay Module (0-10 seconds)	60
2 CH 12V Relay Board	135
8-CH 12V ULN2003 Based Relay Board	424
4-CH 12V Relay Board	178
1-CH 12V Relay Board	60

Popular Searches

1. How to wire a 12V relay?

12V relays are used for higher-end machinery or sensors that output a 12V signal. For example, a 12V relay can be used in a car's lead-acid battery system—if the battery gets discharged too much, the relay can cut off the connection to prevent further drainage. The digital control pin of a 12V relay must be connected to a 12V-capable output pin of a microcontroller or any controlling device such as a sensor to turn the relay ON.

2. How to use a 12V relay?

Applying 12V to the relay control pin closes the circuit between N/O and COM while opening the circuit between N/C and COM. Applying 0V or GND reverses the action.

3. How to test a 12V relay?

A 12V relay works correctly if it switches at its designed actuation voltage. You can test this by connecting a multimeter to the relay terminals and observing the voltage before and after the switching action.

4. How to trigger a 12V relay?

A 12V relay is triggered by applying a 12V signal to its control pin. Anything below 12V will keep the relay OFF, and anything higher than 12V may damage the relay.

5. How much current does a 12V relay draw?

The nominal current consumption of a 12V relay is typically around 30mA, depending on the model. Always check the specific relay datasheet for exact values.

6. Where can I find a 12V relay online?

12V relays are available from almost all electronics e-commerce stores, including Robocraze.

7. Where can I find a 12V relay nearby at a physical store?

You can find 12V relays at most local electronic component stores.

8. What is a 12V relay used for?

A 12-volt relay works like a tiny gatekeeper between a low-power control circuit and a higher-power device. When you send a small electrical signal to the relay, it flips an internal switch that can turn bigger appliances or circuits on and off. This makes it useful for controlling motors, lights, pumps, and other high-current devices using boards like Arduino, ESP32, or simple switches without putting stress on the control electronics.

9. How many channels do these relays have?

12 V relay modules come in different channel options depending on how many separate devices you want to control. You can find simple 1-channel modules for single appliances, as well as 2-channel, 4-channel, 8-channel, and even 16-channel versions for larger automation projects. Each channel represents one independent switching line, so more channels mean more devices you can operate from the same board.

10. Can I control AC appliances with these relays?

Yes, you can control AC appliances using 12 V relay modules as long as the relay's voltage and current ratings match the load. Many 12 V relays are built to handle common household AC levels like 220–240 V. These modules are typically used for fans, lamps, small pumps, and other AC equipment. Just make sure you wire everything safely, follow proper insulation practices, and never exceed the relay's rated limits. Safety first when dealing with mains electricity.

11. Are these relays compatible with microcontrollers?

Absolutely. 12 V relay modules are designed to work smoothly with microcontrollers such as Arduino, ESP8266, ESP32, Raspberry Pi, and others. The microcontroller sends a small logic signal to trigger the relay, and the relay safely switches the higher-power circuit. Many boards include opto-isolation and driver circuits to make this even easier and protect your electronics from voltage spikes. Just follow the wiring guide and share a common ground if required.

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