Accelerometers & Gyro Sensors – Robocraze

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Accelerometer Sensor

Accelerometer sensor detects changes in vibration, speed, or direction. It is extensively utilized in GPS tracking, industrial applications, mobile devices, and transportation. Accelerometers in cellphones aid in motion detection, step tracking, and screen orientation. For safety analysis, they keep an eye on abrupt braking, acceleration, and crashes in cars. Accelerometers are used by laptops to safeguard hard drives from falls.

The motion of a little mass inside the sensor is measured by accelerometers. Springs hold this mass in position, and piezoelectric voltage, capacitance, or optical techniques are used to detect movement brought on by acceleration. A 3 axis accelerometer provides detailed motion tracking by measuring acceleration in three dimensions, whereas a single-axis accelerometer only detects movement in one direction.

One kind of motion sensor that can identify direction and movement is an accelerometer. Depending on how the data is handled, it may be digital or analog. Digital accelerometers are perfect for contemporary electronic applications because they offer output in a format that microcontrollers can read directly.

Comparison Chart: MPU-6050 vs MPU-9250 vs ADXL Series

Sensor	Type	Axes	Extra Sensors	Interface	Typical Uses
MPU-6050	3-axis accelerometer + 3-axis gyro	6-DoF	—	I²C	Basic IMU, self-balancing bots, tilt/angle
MPU-9250	3-axis accelerometer + 3-axis gyro + 3-axis magnetometer	9-DoF	Magnetometer	I²C / SPI	Drones, navigation, advanced motion tracking
ADXL Series (e.g., ADXL335 / ADXL345)	Accelerometer only	3-axis	—	Analog (ADXL335) / I²C/SPI (ADXL345)	Vibration sensing, tilt detection, shock logging

Example Code Snippets for Motion Detection

Arduino Wiring Guides

1. I²C IMU (MPU-6050 / MPU-9250)

VCC → 3.3 V or 5 V (check module label; many breakout boards are 3.3–5 V tolerant)
GND → GND
SCL → A5
SDA → A4
INT (optional) → D2 (interrupt-driven motion detection)

2. ADXL335 (Analog)

VCC → 3.3 V or 5 V (depending on module)
GND → GND
X → A0
Y → A1
Z → A2

Raspberry Pi Wiring Guides

1. I²C IMU (MPU-6050 / MPU-9250)

Enable I²C in raspi-config, then connect:

VCC → 3.3 V
GND → GND
SCL → GPIO3 (SCL)
SDA → GPIO2 (SDA)
INT (optional) → any available GPIO (e.g., GPIO17)

For ADXL345 (I²C version), use the same wiring: VCC, GND, SDA, SCL.

Example Code Snippets for Motion Detection

Arduino – MPU-6050 Simple Motion Read

#include <Wire.h>
#include "MPU6050.h"

MPU6050 mpu;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Wire.begin();
  mpu.initialize();

  if (!mpu.testConnection()) {
    Serial.println("MPU6050 connection failed");
  } else {
    Serial.println("MPU6050 ready");
  }
}

void loop() {
  int16_t ax, ay, az, gx, gy, gz;
  mpu.getMotion6(&ax, &ay, &az, &gx, &gy, &gz);

  Serial.print("Acc: ");
  Serial.print(ax); Serial.print(", ");
  Serial.print(ay); Serial.print(", ");
  Serial.print(az);
  Serial.print("  Gyro: ");
  Serial.print(gx); Serial.print(", ");
  Serial.print(gy); Serial.println(", ");
  Serial.println(gz);

  delay(200);
}

Raspberry Pi – MPU-6050 Motion Detection (Python, I²C)

import smbus
import time

bus = smbus.SMBus(1)
address = 0x68

# Wake MPU6050
bus.write_byte_data(address, 0x6B, 0)

def read_word(reg):
    high = bus.read_byte_data(address, reg)
    low = bus.read_byte_data(address, reg + 1)
    val = (high << 8) + low
    if val >= 0x8000:
        val = -((65535 - val) + 1)
    return val

while True:
    ax = read_word(0x3B)
    ay = read_word(0x3D)
    az = read_word(0x3F)

    # Simple motion detection: check threshold
    threshold = 10000
    if abs(ax) > threshold or abs(ay) > threshold or abs(az) > threshold:
        print("Motion detected!")

    time.sleep(0.1)

Applications: Drones, Robotics, Motion Tracking & IoT

Drones & FPV – Flight stabilization, angle control, auto-level.
Robotics – Self-balancing robots, legged robots, gesture-controlled arms.
Motion Tracking – Wearables, activity trackers, game controllers, VR/AR experiments.
IoT Devices – Detect vibration, tampering, tilt or movement of doors, boxes, machines.
Industrial Monitoring – Machine vibration analysis, tilt alarms, shock detection.

Installation Tips & Calibration Instructions

Mounting Orientation

Fix the sensor firmly to your drone or robot frame.
Align axes correctly: X and Y horizontal, Z vertical for easier calculations.

Vibration Isolation

Use foam, rubber pads, or vibration-damping mounts on drones and robots.
Reduces high-frequency vibration that affects accelerometer and gyro readings.

Power & Noise Management

Use short wires to minimize electrical noise.
Place decoupling capacitors (0.1 µF + 10 µF) across VCC–GND near the sensor.
Route IMU wires away from high-current ESC and motor lines.

Basic Calibration Steps

Accelerometer Offset

Place the sensor flat and completely still.
Read raw accelerometer values multiple times and average them.
Store these offsets and subtract them from future readings.

Gyro Offset

Ensure the sensor is perfectly still at startup.
Collect gyro readings for a few seconds and average them.
Use this average as the bias and subtract it for zero-rate output.

Magnetometer Calibration (MPU-9250)

Rotate the sensor slowly in all directions (“figure-8” pattern).
Collect min/max values across all axes.
Use a calibration routine/library to compute soft-iron & hard-iron offsets.

Verification Checks

A stationary sensor should read ~0 g on X/Y and ~+1 g on Z (if properly aligned).
A still gyro should report very close to zero on all axes.

Gyroscope Sensor

A gyroscope sensor measures angular velocity and rotational motion using the conservation of angular momentum. It resists changes in orientation, making it essential for navigation, stabilization, and motion tracking.

Gyroscopes work by detecting gyroscopic precession, where a spinning mass resists directional changes. They are widely used in aerospace, automotive, robotics, and consumer electronics, enabling screen rotation, gaming controls, and vehicle stability.

Unlike accelerometers, which measure linear acceleration, gyroscopes track angular velocity. Many devices combine both for precise motion sensing, especially in Inertial Navigation Systems (INS). Gyroscopes come in analog and digital forms, with digital versions being more common in modern electronics due to their accuracy and ease of integration.

Buy Accelerometers & Gyroscope Sensor Online in India

Robocraze provides a large selection of gyroscope and accelerometer sensors at the most competitive pricing. High-quality sensors like MPU6050, MPU9250, ADXL345, and others are available for use in robotics, drones, Internet of Things projects, and gaming gadgets. Robocraze offers both professionals and enthusiasts a flawless purchasing experience with quick shipping, COD, simple returns, and tech support.

How much do Accelerometers and Gyro meters cost?

Sensors	Cost
MPU-9250 Module	Rs.812
GY801 9-Axis Magnetic Acceleration Gyroscope Module	Rs.1904
ADXL325 3-Axis Accelerometer	Rs.388
HMC5883L Triple Axis Compass	Rs.230
ADXL 345	Rs.167
ADXL335 Triple-Axis Accelerometer	Rs.423
MPU-6050 Triple-Axis Accelerometer & Gyroscope Module	Rs.138
GY-53 VL53L0X Laser ToF Flight Time Range Sensor	Rs.782

Check out our wide range of sensors collections.

IR Proximity/Motion Sensor | Distance/Proximity Sensor | Temperature Sensor | Gas Sensor | pH/Turbidity/Flow Sensor | Load Sensor | Pressure Sensor | Biomedical Sensor | Light Sensor | Current/Voltage Sensor | Magnetic sensor | Miscellaneous | Sensor kits

1.How are accelerometers different from gyro meters?

The main difference between the two devices is simple: one can sense rotation, whereas the other cannot. Using the key principles of angular momentum, the gyroscope helps indicate orientation. In comparison, the gyroscope sensor measures linear acceleration based on vibration.

2.What should be the selecting characteristics of an accelerometer/gyro meter?

Range
Interface
Number of axes measured
Power usage
Any bonus features

3.What are accelerometers?

It is an electromechanical device used to measure acceleration forces. Acceleration is the measurement of the change in velocity, or speed divided by time. It is a device that measures the vibration, or acceleration of motion of a structure.

4.How do gyroscope sensors work?

This is a device that measures the vibration, or acceleration of motion of a structure. The force caused by vibration or a change in motion (acceleration) causes the mass to "squeeze" the piezoelectric material which produces an electrical charge that is proportional to the force exerted upon it.

5.What is the use of accelerometers?

The motion sensors in this senosor can even be used to detect earthquakes, and may be used in medical devices such as bionic limbs and other artificial body parts. Several devices, part of the quantified self movement, use gyroscopes.

6.What are the types of accelerometers?

There are two classes of gyros in general: AC-response and DC-response. In an AC-response accelerometer sensor the output is AC coupled. An AC coupled device cannot be used to measure static acceleration such as gravity and constant centrifugal acceleration. A DC-response accelerometer sensor, on the other hand, is dc coupled, and can respond down to zero Hertz. It therefore can be used to measure static, as well as dynamic acceleration.

7. Are these modules compatible with Arduino and Raspberry Pi?

Yes, most of the accelerometer/gyroscope sensor modules in this collection are compatible with both Arduino boards and Raspberry Pi. They typically use common communication interfaces like I²C or SPI, meaning you can wire them directly to your microcontroller or SBC, install the necessary library, and start reading motion data with minimal fuss.

8. Can these sensors measure both acceleration and rotation?

Absolutely. These modules often combine an accelerometer (which measures linear acceleration along axes) and a gyroscope (which measures angular velocity or rotation around axes). With both sensors in one module, you can track movement in three-dimensional space, detect tipping, spinning, vibration, and orientation changes, perfect for motion-intensive applications.

9. What is the difference between MPU-6050 and MPU-9250?

The MPU-6050 is a six-axis sensor that combines a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis gyroscope. The MPU-9250 adds more functionality: it includes the same accelerometer and gyroscope plus a 3-axis magnetometer (making it a nine-axis sensor) and typically improves on features like sensor fusion, accuracy and calibration support. If you only need basic motion sensing, the MPU-6050 may suffice; if you want full orientation (including compass heading) and advanced motion tracking, MPU-9250 is a more capable choice.

10. Are these sensors suitable for drones and robotics projects?

Yes, they’re very well suited. In drones, you need to know how the craft tilts, rotates, accelerates and manoeuvres. These sensors provide exactly that. In robotics, they help with balance, motion control, collision detection and orientation awareness. As long as you mount them securely, connect them properly, and calibrate them, they’ll serve as essential motion-awareness modules for your projects.